Stephen Edelston Toulmin

Stephen Edelston Toulmin (1922-2009) was a British philosopher, author, and educator renowned for developing the Toulmin model of argument and his contributions to the philosophy of science, ethics, and moral reasoning.[1][2] Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, he analyzed practical arguments and the history of ideas, authoring influential works such as *The Uses of Argument* (1958) and *Cosmopolis* (1990).[3][4] He taught at numerous universities worldwide, including Oxford, Stanford, and USC, where he was University Professor Emeritus.[4][6]