National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a private, nongovernmental institution established by an Act of Congress signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 3, 1863, to provide independent, objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology. Founded with 50 charter members, many from the 'Scientific Lazzaroni' network, it has grown to over 2,500 members and established the National Research Council in 1916 to expand its advisory capabilities. The NAS now operates alongside the National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Medicine as the National Academies.