Alexander von Kluck

Alexander von Kluck was a Prussian Generaloberst who commanded the German 1st Army during the initial offensive against Paris in World War I, playing a key role in the Schlieffen Plan's execution through Belgium and northern France.[1][4] Born in Münster, Westphalia, he rose through the ranks as a career officer, serving as an instructor, commander of various corps, and was elevated to hereditary nobility in 1909.[2][3] He was severely wounded in 1915 and retired in 1916, dying in Berlin in 1934.[1][7]