Grade 5-8–These biographies examine how their subjects influenced their respective fields and the nation. Each book opens with an account of the man's upbringing and childhood interests, then focuses on his career, with a limited amount of information about his personal life. Cunningham describes Hoover's manipulation of public opinion of his own exploits and the FBI's; his illegal use of investigative methods and confidential files; and his overzealous pursuit of communists, Civil Rights leaders, and war protesters. Although Cunningham mentions Hoover's lifelong male friendships, he draws no conclusions about his private life. Haugen is largely admiring of MacArthur, describing his strong leadership qualities, military acumen, and popularity with the American people.