Muhammad At Medina (1956)

CONTENTS . BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS xiii . I. THE PROVOCATION OF QURAYSH . 1. The Situation at the Hijrah i . 2. The Earliest Expeditions 2 . 3. The First Fighting 5 . 4. The Battle of Badr 10 . 5. The Situation after Badr 141 . II. THE FAILURE OF THE MECCAN RIPOST . 1. Muhamrr^ad prepares for the impending Struggle 17 . 2. Meccan Reactions to Badr 19 . 3. The Battle of Uhud 21 . 4. The Rousing of the Nomads 29 . 5. The Siege of Medina 35 . III. THE WINNING OF THE MECCANS . 1 . The Expeditions of the Year after the Siege 40 . 2. The Expedition and Treaty of Al-Hudaybiyah 46 . 3. After Al-Hudaybiyah 52* . 4. Meccan Reactions to Muhammad's Successes 55 . 5. The Submission of Mecca 65 . 6. The Battle of Hunayn 70 . 7. The Consolidation of Victory 73 . IV. THE UNIFYING OF THE ARABS . 1. The Tribal System confronting Muhammad 78 . 2. The Tribes to the West of Medina and Mecca 82 . 3. The Tribes to the East of Medina and Mecca 87 . 4. The Tribes to the North 105 . 5. The Tribes to the South of Mecca 117 . 6. The Tribes in the Rest of Arabia 130 . 7. The Success of Muhammad's Policy 142 . V. THE INTERNAL POLITICS OF MEDINA . 1. Social and Political Groupings before Muhammad 151 . 2. Muhammad's Supporters 174 . 3. The Muslim Opposition 180 . . x CONTENTS . VI. MUHAMMAD AND THE JEWS . 1. The Jews of Yathrib 192 . 2. The Jews at the Hijrah 195 3? Muhammad's Attempts to Reconcile the Jews 198 . 4. The Intellectual Attack on the Jews 204 . 5. The Physical Attack on the Jews 208 . 6. Conclusion 219 . VII. THE CHARACTER OF THE ISLAMIC STATE . 1. The Constitution of Medina 221 . 2. The Position of Muhammad 228 . 3. The Character of the Ummah 238 . 4. Finance 250 . VIII. THE REFORM OF THE SOGIAL 'STRUCTURE . 1. Security of Life and Property 261 . 2. Marriage and the Family 272 . 3. Inheritance 289 . 4. Miscellaneous Reforms 293 . 5. Conclusion 3^0 . IX. THE NEW RELIGION . 1. The Religious Institutions of Islam 303 . 2. Islam and Arab Paganism 309 . 3. Islam and Christianity 315 . X. THE MAN AND HIS GREATNESS . 1. Appearance and Manner 321 . 2. The Alleged Moral Failures 324 . 3. The Foundations of Greatness 334 . EXCURSUS . A. Further Remarks on the Sources 336 . B. List of Expeditions and Dates 339 . C. Slaves and Freedmen among the Emigrants at Badr 344 . D. Muhammad's Letters to the Princes 345 . E. 'Those whose hearts are reconciled* 348 . F. Text of Selected Treaties 354 . G. The Treaties with Dumat al-Jandal 362 H. List of Administrators sent out by Muhammad 366 I. Zakdt and adaqah 369 . . CONTENTS xi . J. Marriage and the Family in pre-Islamic Times 373 . K. The technical terms in Surahs 4. 24/28, 5. 5/7, and 24. 33 389 . L. Muhammad's Marriages 393